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ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ АНТИОКСИДАНТНЫХ ФЕРМЕНТОВ У КАРТОФЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ БИОТИЧЕСКОГО И АБИОТИЧЕСКОГО СТРЕССА

Киргизова И.В. , Гаджимурадова А.М. , Омаров Р.Т.

2018 / Том 8, номер 4 [ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКАЯ И ОБЩАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ ]

Растения регулярно подвергаются воздействию негативных факторов среды, что приводит к экономическим потерям и усиливает возможность угрозы продовольственной безопасности многих стран. Вирусы приводят к ухудшению качественных характеристик семенного материала, а в сочетании с другими стрессовыми факторами снижают урожайность. Особое влияние на растение вирусные инфекции оказывают в сочетании с абиотическими стрессами, которые приводят к генерации активных форм кислорода и развитию «окислительного взрыва»: за счет увеличения уровня активных форм кислорода наблюдается активация выработки антиоксидантных ферментов. Исследования защитных механизмов растений, в том числе картофеля, в условиях стрессов могут быть использованы для их более детального и расширенного понимания, а также для разработки методов повышения устойчивости экономически важных сельскохозяйственных культур. В настоящей работе представлен обзор научных трудов в области биохимии и защиты растений при вирусных инфекциях и солевом стрессе, которые приводят к выработке супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы, пероксидазы и альдегидоксидазы. Изучение механизмов регулирования метаболизма активных форм кислорода у растений в течение воздействия абиотических и биотических стрессовых факторов может служить базой для разработки новых эффективных стратегий борьбы с вирусной инфекцией и абиотическими стрессовыми факторами.

Ключевые слова:

картофель,антиоксидантные ферменты,активные формы кислорода,вирусы картофеля,солевой стресс,potato plant,antioxidant enzymes,reactive oxygen species,potato viruses,salt stress

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